Morphology

Morphology

A word Morphology is from Greece “morphe “ that has meaning “forms” . It means the morphology is a science of language that focuses on language and how that language special word   formed. Like we see the world “drive” becomes “driver” in here morphology focuses and concentrate.

Laurel J. Brinton (2002.59-60) Morphology is study about a word and how the word formed, as if the example above the word “drive” and “er” are called morphemes. Therefore, a process in here is called morphology.

Geert (2005: 7) Said, “In present-day linguistics, the term ‘morphology’ refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and of the systematic form–meaning correspondences between words.” The example above is explains about morphology specially in forming word because it to form new word. Morphology and syntax study how the word construct but morphology study about the word.
          Krirten (2002:12) The two basic functions of morphological operations are (i) the creation of new words (i.e. new lexemes), and (ii) spelling out the appropriate form of a lexeme in a particular syntactic context.

The other literature of definition of morphology:

“Morphology, the study of the internal structure of words, deals with the forms of lexemes (inflection), and with the ways in which lexemes are formed (word-formation). New words are made on the basis of patterns of form-meaning correspondence between existing words. Paradigmatic relationships between words are therefore essential, and morphology cannot be conceived of as ‘the syntax of morphemes’ or ‘syntax below the word level’. This simple way to analyze morphology:

In adjectives

Smaller            2 morphs small/er

Smallest           2 morphs small/est

Better              1 morph better

In verbs

Worked           2 morphs work/ed

Wrote              1 morph wrote

Written            1. Morph written

Working          2 morph work/ing

Put                   1 morph put

In Gerund

Sittings            3 morph sit/ing/s

In Pronouns

We                   1 morph we

Him                 1 morph him

Its                    2 morph it/s

Processes in Morphology

Morphology is always analyzes a word and how that word formed out of smaller meaningful. Morphology is component of mental grammar and deal with a word too,  it aim that process of morphology by combining one morph with the other, sometime it makes new word, part of speech or meaning, these are five processes. Wedrana Mihalicek et al (2011: 148;149).

Affix

English language only uses prefixes and suffixes. Affix is added in the beginning or end of a word to change the meaning. “An affix is used for both a prefix and suffix which is added to the beginning or end of a word to change the meaning. Add an affix to the beginning and end of the word 'turn' and get on(prefix)re(prefix)turn(root)able(suffix)=nonreturnable...” in this understanding we can conclude that affix divided into two sections first Prefix and Suffix.

         Prefix

Prefix is a letter or group of letters attached to the beginning of word that party indicates its meaning. For example, the word prefix itself begins with a prefix-pre, with generally means before. Understanding of the common prefixes can help deduce the meaning of new words that we encounter. However, some of prefixes (such as in-) have more than one meaning. Agus mortoyo et al (2012)

  Suffix

Suffix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the end of a word to form a new word or to alter the grammatical function of the original word. For example, the verb read can be made into the noun reader by adding the suffix –er; read can be made into the adjective by adding the suffix – able. Agus mortoyo et al (2012:

Compounding

Compounding is a process to make word by add two or more independent word or we combine two word like “make” and ”up” become “makeup” . Therefore, those processes become new word and have new meaning, “make” has a meaning “create” and up has meaning “under” or “on” but after we combine “makeup” has a meaning “a cosmetic that used by women”.

compounding based on Laurel J. Brinton (2002.93-95) the combination of two or more free roots (plus associated affixes). Both phrases (such as kick the bucket, hit the read, sit tight, run the gamut, under the weather) and compounds consist of more than one free rood and may be semantically opaque. However, unlike a phrase, where the free rood and are joined in a single syntactic unit but remain distinct words, a compound is considered a single word.

Kinds of compounds:

1.         Compound Nouns:

Airplane, lipstick, deathblow, figurehead, peppercorn.

2.         Compound Verb

Babysit, carbon,-date, head-hunt, skydive, housekeep

3.         Compound Adjective

Headstrong, childproof, duty-free, lifelong, carsick